Princess Diana
Is it the Road Rage Incident of the Century?

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Analysis by Dr. Leon James

Saturday, August 31, 1997

Road rage is a cultural phenomenon. Every driver has road rage. Most drivers show some road rage several times during every trip. Bringing road rage under control requires that we understand its nature, mechanism, and operation.

Princess Diana's tragic death touched the hearts of millions. Within hours of the news breaking, people started posting messages to their favorite Newsgroups and bulletin boards. By the third day, thousands of messages were being posted every day. I read thousands of these messages and collected those that revealed something about people's attitudes towards road rage. The sample I collected comes from many different social and intellectual backgrounds, as you can tell from the message headers which I left intact. We are looking at informal spokespeople for our current cultural attitude toward aggressive driving and road rage. By becoming conscious and analyzing this attitude, we empower ourselves as a free democratic community, to change from the current attitude of tolerance and acceptance of aggressive driving, to a more community-oriented attitude expressed as supportive driving.

 

Click on the Day to see the collection of messages.
Or view an index of topics here.
Day 1 Early on Saturday, August 31, a few hours after the news broke on CNN, I posted a note in several related Newsgroups, raising the issue that this might be a road rage incident. For the first few hours, as more and more people began voicing their bereavement and other reactions, few people wanted to focus on the incident as a road rage case.
Day 2 As the initial phase of reactions matured, people began to focus on what really happened, especially as the facts were emerging about the blood alcohol level of the driver. But few were still ready to see the tragic case as involving road rage.
Day 3 The details of why people oppose the road rage explanation come out. Nevertheless, rational minds prevail, and there is increasing acceptance that road rage was involved.
Subsequent Days The analysis continues. A new idea is introduced:
"Paparazzi Rage." I get a lot of flaming by those who object to extending "road rage" to cover such behaviors as driving DUI, excessive speeding, racing, and improper lane use.

 

Princess Diana: Road Rage Victim?
Newsgroups: rec.autos.driving,uk.transport,dc.driving, phl.transportation,soc.culture.malaysia Date: 1997/08/31 Message-Id: <873005959.28333@dejanews.com>

Sadly, Princess Diana died in a car crash today. She was fleeing from some "Paparazzi" photographers on a motorcycle giving chase in Paris. Others in her car also died. Very sad, indeed. This may be THE ROAD RAGE INCIDENT OF THE CENTURY! Some people may not agree that this crash was due to road rage. We'll see the various comments. However, in my view, the road rage category applies here because (a) her car was being chased by photographers; (b) her driver (also killed), was participating in this chase by trying to get away. (who can blame him...) There are also differences with ordinary road rage altercations in the sense that people's motive is usually revenge when they pursue each other in road rage incidents. Yet here, anger and outrage must have played a role. One can wonder whether Princess Di was sitting in the back screaming at the driver not to race? Or encouraging him to get away? You can see why I raise this issue as a road rage issue. I think we need to discuss it, and hopefully, debunk it.

Leon James (aka Dr. Driving)


Date: Sun, 31 Aug 1997 21:11:13 -1000

Hi ! I enjoyed visiting your site after being referenced to it via your post for Lady Di . I live in Lisbon , Portugal and experience Road rage daily - I can fully understand what you are saying as every day I feel my life and that of my wife is in danger . Europeans drive exceptionally badly and I wish someone like you would come here to educate these people better . Kindest regards


Organization Baryi-Net Date 31 Aug 1997 01:47:43 GMT Newsgroups soc.culture.singapore Message-ID <5uaifv$i8i$1@nntp1.ba.best.com>

You heard it here from me first. US - Sat 6 Pm, Singapore - Sunday 9 am, and Paris - around midnight. Princess Di and friend Dodi had an accident in a tunnel while vacationing in Paris. London reported that Dodi is dead, and Di sent to hospital with serious injuries. Rumor has it that some idiotic fellow tried to chase them for photographs, and the chase ended in a tunnel.


Date: 31 Aug 1997 05:10:23 GMT Organization: AOL http://www.aol.com Newsgroups: alt.current-events.clinton.whitewater References: 1

PARIS (Aug. 31) - Britain's Princess Diana and her millionaire companion Dodi Al Fayed were killed early on Sunday when their car crashed while being chased through Paris by photographers on motorcycles.

Diana, the world's most photographed woman and divorced wife of the heir to the British throne, was rushed to the intensive care unit of the Salpetriere hospital in eastern Paris.

But five hours after the crash French Interior Minister Jean-Pierre Chevenement told reporters at the hospital doctors had failed to save her life.

''In the name of the French government, I express my great sorrow and pain,'' he said. ''I offer the condolences of the French people to the Royal Family.''

The driver of the car was also killed. The fourth person in the car, one of the princess's bodyguards, was injured and freed from the crushed wreckage in a road tunnel under the posh Eighth District. Diana died on the eve of a conference in Oslo at which about 100 countries will try to agree on a treaty to ban anti-personnel land mines -- her favorite cause, for which she traveled to war zone in Angola and Bosnia.

Several press photographers were taken into custody for questioning after the crash, police said. The British Ambassador to France, Sir Michael Jay, told reporters: ''The Queen and the Prince of Wales and the prime minister (Tony Blair) have been informed of the death of the Princess of Wales. Our thoughts and our prayers are with her family and with her friends.'' Prince Charles was told of his former wife's accident by telephone during the night at the British royal family's summer home at Balmoral in Scotland. A spokeswoman for the family, speaking as they awaited news, said it was too early to say what his plans were.

Diana, 36, and Harrods heir Al Fayed, 41, had been the focus of frenzied media attention for the past month after photographs showed the pair embracing on a Mediterranean holiday.

Only last week, Diana lashed out at the press in an interview published in the French daily Le Monde.

''The press is ferocious,'' she was quoted as saying. ''It pardons nothing. It only hunts for mistakes. Every motive is twisted, every gesture criticized.

''I think that in my place, any sane person would have left (Britain) long ago. But I cannot. I have my sons.''

British Foreign Secretary Robin Cook, who is on an Asia tour, told reporters in Manila that ''It will be doubly tragic if it does emerge that this accident was in part caused by the persistent hounding of the princess and her privacy by photographers.''

The accident took place about 35 minutes past midnight (2235 GMT) while the Mercedes Benz carrying the princess was being pursued by press photographers on motorcycles.

The car was driving at the time through a tunnel at the Place de l'Alma, across the Seine River from the Eiffel Tower, police said.

The officials declined to give the names or identify the employers of the motorcyclists.

A badly damaged motorcycle was taken away from the accident site by police after the crash, which also killed the driver of the princess's car.

In London, Prime Minister Blair was woken and informed of the accident. While he waited for news of her condition a Downing Street spokesman told the Press Association: ''He is shocked and saddened by what he sees as a devastating, appalling tragedy.''

Diana was due back in Britain on Sunday after her latest holiday with Al Fayed in the Mediterranean and had been expected to see her two sons, William and Harry, at her London home at Kensington Palace.

After the breakdown of Diana's marriage to heir-to-the-throne Prince Charles, culminating in a divorce a year ago, she was careful to keep any men friends out of the public eye.

But she threw caution to the winds with Al Fayed. taking her sons on holiday in July on the yacht of Dodi's father, Mohammed Al Fayed, and hinted she would have a shock announcement within weeks.

Al Fayed was the heir to a business empire that included Harrods, London's ''top people's'' store.

His Egyptian-born father is one of the most controversial men in British public life. He contributed to the election defeat of Britain's former Conservative government with his allegations that senior politicians took money from him to ask questions in parliament.

On Martha's Vineyard, vacationing President Bill Clinton and his wife Hillary were informed of the accident and were very concerned, the White House said. REUTER Reut00:34 08-31-97


Date: Sat, 30 Aug 1997 22:19:10 -0700
Newsgroups: uk.transport, rec.autos.driving

Everyone knows about Diana's death by now. Diana's driver is primarily at fault. Being followed by photographers is no excuse for driving at 120 mph. However, the photographers greatly contributed by encouraging the recklessness by following behind at an equally great rate of speed.


Organization Express It! Date Sun, 31 Aug 1997 00:38:01 -0700 Newsgroups misc.transport.trucking Message-ID <5ub3aa$lps$1@newsfep3.sprintmail.com> References 1 2 3

Just tonight. A group in St. Louis is starting some kind of organized effort to bring awareness to aggressive driving and road rage. A young girl was killed near by recently and it was determined that "road rage" was the cause. She accidentally cut off another motorist without causing any real harm to him. He retaliated by passing her and then changing lanes back in front of her and slamming on his brakes. The result? She hit his rear end and then bounced over into the ditch where her car rolled and she died. I guess the latest result of aggressive driving will be the deaths of Princess Di, her driver, and friend. At this time I do not know about the bodyguard. How do you spell "paparazzi"? Gene "I could get really pissed off at that so and so for doing that! But I'm not going to do it, I'm cool, calm, and collected. I'm in control. It won't prove a thing to go "Rambo" except that I'm not in control".


Date: 31 Aug 1997 06:16:55 GMT
Newsgroups: rec.autos.driving

DrDriving wrote: Everyone knows about Diana's death by now. Diana's driver is primarily at fault. Being followed by photographers is no excuse for driving at 120 mph. However, the photographers greatly contributed by encouraging the recklessness by following behind at an equally great rate of speed.

Oh, but doncha know. The speeders posting here all tell us that speed doesn't kill.... Cheers,


Date: Sun, 31 Aug 1997 06:43:18 GMT Newsgroups: rec.autos.driving

DrDriving wrote: Everyone knows about Diana's death by now. Diana's driver is primarily at fault. Being followed by photographers is no excuse for driving at 120 mph. However, the photographers greatly contributed by encouraging the recklessness by following behind at an equally great rate of speed.

Another commented: Oh, but doncha know. The speeders posting here all tell us that speed doesn't kill....

You're right. You don't need to lose control of a vehicle and strike a massive object. All you need to do is exceed a certain speed (say, twice the posted limit) and POOF!! you're dead!

It also goes without saying that you're perfectly safe as long as you don't exceed the posted limit. Well, there's a chance that some wild-eyed speedster would just happen to reach Vcritical as he pulled alongside you, and the ensuing explosion may damage your vehicle and cause you to have an accident.


Date: 30 Aug 1997 23:04:00 -0700
Newsgroups: rec.autos.driving, uk.transport

I saw the pics on TV a few minutes ago. Quite shocking... What kind of car was she in/driving? I did see both airbags deployed, and the car looked like it went head-on onto a concrete post or other object. Also, what time did the accident happen locally? Were the roads crowded? Spiros


Newsgrps: rec.autos.driving, uk.transport, dc.driving, phl.transportation, soc.culture.malaysia

"Dr. Driving" wrote: Sadly, Princess Diana died in a car crash today. She was fleeing from some "Paparazi" photographers on a motorcycle giving chase in Paris. Others in her car also died. Very sad, indeed. This may be THE ROAD RAGE INCIDENT OF THE CENTURY!

I fail to see the ratio in this chase....they came from a known location, and went to a known location, and I assume both locations had shielded entries for cars (gates). A blinded car was all it would take to pull a finger to the press. +++++++++++++++

As it turns out the driver was a local security agent. They knew that the paparazzi are out gunning for them. Yet he decided to make run for it. It seems like a road rage incident to me. Leon James (aka Dr. Driving)


Date: 31 Aug 1997 07:23:37 GMT
Newsgroups: rec.autos.driving, uk.transport, dc.driving, phl.transportation, soc.culture.malaysia

In article <873005959.28333@dejanews.com>, "Dr. Driving" wrote: Sadly, Princess Diana died in a car crash today. She was fleeing from some "Paparazi" photographers on a motorcycle giving chase in Paris. Others in her car also died. Very sad, indeed. This may be THE ROAD RAGE INCIDENT OF THE CENTURY!

Another writer commented:Some people may not agree that this crash was due to road rage. We'll see the various comments. However, in my view, the road rage category applies here because (a) her car was being chased by photographers; (b) her driver (also killed), was participating in this chase by trying to get away. (who can blame him...)

Even less blame since he was only an employee. I fail to see the ratio in this chase....they came from a known location, and went to a known location, and I assume both locations had shielded entries for cars (gates). A blinded car was all it would take to pull a finger to the press.

DrDriving wrote: There are also differences with ordinary road rage altercations in the sense that people's motive is usually revenge when they pursue each other in road rage incidents. Yet here, anger and outrage must have played a role. One can wonder whether Princess Di was sitting in the back screaming at the driver not to race? Or encouraging him to get away?

I wonder how they think to outrun bikes with such a heavy car (armored as I wonder how they think to outrun bikes with such a heavy car (armored as well I suppose....wonder whether that contributed to the severity of the crash). Bye,


Organization AOL http://www.aol.com
Date 31 Aug 1997 04:19:23 GMT
Newsgroups alt.true-crime
Message-ID <19970831041901.aaa14833@ladder02.news.aol.com>

I cannot believe this - Princess Di has been killed in a car crash. The car she was in was being chased by photographers! When will the media ever learn to leave people alone?! All I can think of his her two poor children... Mary Ann


Date: 31 Aug 1997 07:42:40 GMT
Newsgroups: phl.transportation, rec.autos.driving, uk.transport, dc.driving, soc.culture.malaysia

Bear in mind that details of the incident are still sketchy ...

"Dr. Driving" (dyc@drdriving.org) wrote: Sadly, Princess Diana died in a car crash today. She was fleeing from some "Paparazi" photographers on a motorcycle giving chase in Paris. Others in her car also died. Very sad, indeed. This may be THE ROAD RAGE INCIDENT OF THE CENTURY!

Much as I'm concerned about road rage, fleeing from the paparazzi is not at all in the same category. In this case the causes are related to the people pursuing her, not to a backlash against driving conditions.

There are also differences with ordinary road rage altercations in the sense that people's motive is usually revenge when they pursue each other in road rage incidents. Yet here, anger and outrage must have played a role.

The target of the rage is the key difference here.

You can see why I raise this issue as a road rage issue. I think we need to discuss it, and hopefully, debunk it. Leon James (aka Dr. Driving) Visit My Congressional Testimony on Road Rage and Aggressive Drivers http://www.aloha.net/~dyc/testimony.html


Date: 31 Aug 1997 08:14:36 GMT
Newsgroups: rec.autos.driving, uk.transport

In article <5ub1gg$95a@nntp02.primenet.com>, a reader wrote: I saw the pics on TV a few minutes ago. Quite shocking... What kind of car was she in/driving? I did see both airbags deployed, and the car looked like it went head-on onto a concrete post or other object.

It was a Mercedes S-class limousine, I assume SEL as well as armored, belonging to the Ritz hotel (driver also Ritz employee....somehow I would wanted to have a personal driver, but that could still be the case of course).

I wonder whether the passengers (in the rear I assume....was there a bodyguard as well?) carried seat belts, and also whether the armored construction has a relation to the severity of the crash.

Also, what time did the accident happen locally? Were the roads crowded?

Night, she died at 04:00 local time, after 2 hours surgery. Bye,


Date: Sun, 31 Aug 1997 10:05:03 -0700
Newsgroups: alt.gossip.royalty

Nobody is taking responsibility for last night's tragedy--not the media, not the tabloids, and certainly not the people who buy them. So let's put the blame on the weak link in the chain--supermarkets that display this junk at their checkout . Next time you're at your local supermarket, take the time to let the store manager know that the presence of tabloids in the checkout line makes you angry.

Then, when you get home, write a letter to the regional office of the store (a database of regional offices of major supermarkets is on the Web at: http://www.mysupermarket.com/Mysupermarket/supsearch.html ). Here are the e-mail addresses of some big chains: SAFEWAY lwillis@igainc.com IGA's CEO FOOD CITY: inquiry@foodcity.com If we raise enough of a stink, maybe we can get the large chains ashamed to sell this trash.


Date: Sun, 31 Aug 1997 19:49:50 GMT
Organization: A. T.
Newsgroups: alt.gossip.royalty, alt.talk.royalty, rec.arts.poems, rec.arts.prose

The stupid woman died in a car crash chased by her fans; the paparazzi were her biggest fans and remain so while there's money in the story, and there's money in it for years yet. Three people died, one is seriously injured. Diana and Al Fayad could afford to die, mourn for the families of the two who were at work. RJM.

Here we go already, envy, envy, envy. At least the two working were paid and knew the risks when they took the job, unlike the other two who were guilty of being generous and successful. Give us a break and leave the chip off your shoulder for a day or two...


Date: 31 Aug 1997 15:18:45 GMT
Organization:
Newsgroups: alt.gossip.royalty, alt.talk.royalty, rec.arts.poems, rec.arts.prose

Three people died, one is seriously injured. Diana and Al Fayad could afford to die, mourn for the families of the two who were at work. RJM.

Here we go already, envy, envy, envy. At least the two working were paid and knew the risks when they took the job, unlike the other two who were guilty of being generous and successful. Give us a break and leave the chip off your shoulder for a day or two...

The other two were aware of the risks - but not that type of risk. They were ordered to take risks that was wholly unnecessary. Do you think that the driver would dare to drive that fast if the Princess and his boyfriend told him to do so? I would feel sorry for the family of those two employees who lost their lives in such a senseless incident. Regards,


Date: Sun, 31 Aug 1997 10:26:23 -0700
Organization:
Newsgroups: alt.talk.royalty, alt.gossip.royalty

It isn't the paparazzi or the rag editors who are responsible. Wherever there is a demand for something, the demand will be filled by someone. The people responsible are the ones who buy this crap. They create the demand; they finance it; they make it profitable.

Correction: The CUSTOMERS make it profitable. If they put that stuff out every day and nobody bought the copies, two things would happen: 1) Lost of income from sales 2) Advertizers would lose interest, causing more loss. I think the people who buy the sleaze should feel the guilt, but I also know they are probably incapable of feeling it.


Date: Sun, 31 Aug 1997 19:35:45 +0100
Organization: [not set]
Newsgroups: alt.gossip.royalty, alt.princess.di.di.die, alt.talk.royalty

Judging by the pictures of the wreck, they must have been travelling at a fair lick. Mercs don't just fold up like that..........

" a reader wrote in article <01bcb639$234be9e0$localhost@default>... A number have commented on the possibility of flash guns causing the accident. If I were to speed past a "speed camera" and crashed due to the flash, would I or the camera be at fault. This does not excuse any photographer for their (speculative) actions but should remind us to drive carefully.


Date: 1997/08/30
Message-Id: <$8ovfhaaaic0ew8s@ratbag.demon.co.uk>
Newsgroups: phl.transportation,rec.autos.driving,uk.transport,dc.driving
[More Headers]

In article <872906618.3032@dejanews.com>, "Dr. Driving" writes

In article <33f85605.0@wltss01.nerc-wallingford.ac.uk>, a reader wrote: There are already guidelines to prevent car advertisers making an issue of the performance of their cars. And some people sad enough to **** complain when they feel the guidelines have been broken.

Remember the Safeway ad with Molly in the car thinking about cheap tomatoes or something? There were *hundreds* who spotted that her seat belt wasn't done up correctly and complained (I got this from one who thought she would be the only one calling in, and was surprised to be told the phones had been jammed for a week).


Date: 31 Aug 1997 10:56:00 -0700
Organization: Primenet Services for the Internet
Newsgroups: rec.arts.tv

the irony of her death being filmed as she was speeding to avoid being filmed would have been dreadful.

As compared to what?


Date: Sun, 31 Aug 1997 22:22:41 GMT
Organization: Online at Wimsey
Newsgroups: rec.arts.tv

I found it refreshing there was no "on the spot" coverage of her unfortunate death--the irony of her death being filmed as she was speeding to avoid being filmed would have been dreadful.

It is possible that they were speeding in order to avoid possible terrorists or kidnappers - Princess Diana and her multimillionaire friend would make quite a "prize" for either type. Until and unless the bodyguard recovers, we won't know why the driver was speeding. (And, yes, even terrorists can own cameras. They can give one an excuse to come near the victim. )


Date: Sun, 31 Aug 1997 09:40:08 -1000
Newsgroups: rec.autos.driving,uk.transport,dc.driving,phl.transportation,soc.culture.malaysia

The definition of "road rage" is open to discussion; it's just a catchy phrase that can be expanded or narrowed arbitrarily. But if a driver moves out of the safe operating envelope of his/her vehicle and conditions for some reason other than, say, imminent armed threat, I'd say that behavior should be considered alongside revenge, competitiveness, and other irrational motives for dangerous driving (and what would be the rational motives?).

I would go farther and say that many of us who enjoy driving have been taught by film and TV and popular lore to think of motor vehicle accidents (and many other tragic events) as being governed by a moral narrative rather than by the laws of physics and probability. In other words, bad things happen to people who have bad intentions, or as moral lessons about fate and hubris (like the stereotypical prom night crash), as part of a story rather than as neutral physical events related to skill, judgment, and mechanical integrity, with an element of chance (not "luck"). The "speed kills" chant is just as much part of this lore, embedded in the same illusion, as the driver who denies the reality of risks, rationalizing that his/her superior skills and vehicle can neutralize the risks.

If, as seems likely, Diana's driver moved far out of the safe operating envelope in an attempt to outrun photographers (not highjackers!), and if passengers were not secured, then I would consider the narcissistic illusions described above to be important contributors to the deaths of these people, no less than when drivers believe that right is on their side when they attempt to teach a lesson to people who are really, really rude in their cars. That's the cops' job.

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